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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Advanced characterization of confined electrochemical interfaces in electrochemical capacitors
Kangkang Ge1, Hui Shao2, Zifeng Lin3
1Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, Toulouse, France.
Abstract:
The advancement of high-performance fast-charging materials has significantly propelled progress in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Electrochemical capacitors store charges at the nanoscale electrode material-electrolyte interface, where the charge storage and transport mechanisms are mediated by factors such as nanoconfinement, local electrode structure, surface properties and non-electrostatic ion-electrode interactions. This Review offers a comprehensive exploration of probing the confined electrochemical interface using advanced characterization techniques. Unlike classical two-dimensional (2D) planar interfaces, partial desolvation and image charges play crucial roles in effective charge storage under nanoconfinement in porous materials. This Review also highlights the potential of zero charge as a key design principle driving nanoscale ion fluxes and carbon-electrolyte interactions in materials such as 2D and three-dimensional (3D) porous carbons. These considerations are crucial for developing efficient and rapid energy storage solutions for a wide range of applications.
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