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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
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Brief Assessment Tools for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review.

Gaelen P Adam1, Eduardo L Caputo1, Ghid Kanaan1

  • 1Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.

Pediatrics
|December 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Child Behavior Checklist-Obsessive Compulsive subscale (CBCL-OCS) shows promise for identifying youth needing further evaluation for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). More research is needed to confirm its standalone diagnostic accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Psychometric Assessment
  • Mental Health Screening

Background:

  • Children and adolescents presenting with symptoms suggestive of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) require accurate and efficient diagnostic tools.
  • Early identification is crucial for timely intervention and management of pediatric OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively evaluate the diagnostic performance of brief assessment instruments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in pediatric populations.
  • To determine the accuracy and utility of various screening tools in identifying potential cases of OCD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the accuracy of brief diagnostic tools for OCD in children and adolescents (up to age 21).
  • Inclusion of studies comparing assessment tools against a reference standard for OCD diagnosis.
  • Data extraction included participant demographics, tool characteristics, and diagnostic accuracy metrics, with meta-analysis performed where feasible.

Main Results:

  • The 8-question version of the Child Behavior Checklist-Obsessive Compulsive subscale (CBCL-OCS) demonstrated moderate evidence of sufficient sensitivity and specificity (AUC 0.84) for prompting specialist referral.
  • While other tools may show comparable or superior performance, current evidence is insufficient for definitive conclusions regarding their broad applicability.
  • The CBCL-OCS appears accurate enough to guide further evaluation for OCD in youth.

Conclusions:

  • The CBCL-OCS (8-question version) is likely accurate for identifying youth who warrant further assessment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Further research is necessary to establish the 8-question CBCL-OCS as a standalone diagnostic measure.
  • Insufficient evidence currently exists to support the widespread use of other brief assessment tools for pediatric OCD.