Risk Factor for Child Maltreatment at 3 Years of Age in Japanese Multiples and Singletons: A Population-Based Study

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Public Health
• Child Psychology

Background:

• Child maltreatment is a significant public health concern.
• Multiple births, such as twins and triplets, present unique challenges for families.
• Existing research on child maltreatment in multiples is limited, particularly in non-Western populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence and risk factors of child maltreatment in multiples (twins and triplets) aged 3 years.
• To compare the incidence and characteristics of child maltreatment in multiples versus singletons.
• To identify specific risk factors associated with child maltreatment in multiple births.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Japanese population-based data from a Public Health Center, including health check-ups and child maltreatment records.
• Analyzed data from 17,125 singletons, 488 twins, and 18 triplets aged 3 years (April 2007-March 2011).
• Employed logistic regression models to assess associations between child maltreatment and potential risk factors.

Main Results:

• The overall documented maltreatment rate was 4.31 per 1000 children.
• Twins exhibited a higher maltreatment rate (14.31 per 1000) compared to singletons (4.03 per 1000).
• Twins had a significantly higher risk for maltreatment (OR 3.39) after adjusting for covariates, with physical and emotional abuse being prevalent. Maternal depression was a notable risk factor in perpetrators of twin maltreatment.

Conclusions:

• Multiple births are an independent risk factor for child maltreatment.
• Families with multiples require increased awareness and support from healthcare providers to mitigate risks.
• Early intervention and support for maternal mental health are crucial for preventing child maltreatment in multiple birth families.