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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Growth Hormone, Hypothalamic Inflammation, and Aging.

Licio A Velloso1,2, Jose Donato3

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Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
|December 6, 2024
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Summary

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis regulates inflammation, impacting chronic diseases and longevity. GH receptor signaling in the hypothalamus drives inflammation, affecting metabolism and disease risk.

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Chronic diseaseCytokinesGrowth hormoneInsulin-like growth factor INeuroinflammatory diseasesObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation is linked to non-communicable diseases, reduced quality of life, and decreased longevity.
  • The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis plays a role in tissue repair and systemic metabolism.
  • Aging is associated with increased inflammation and reduced longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the associations between the GH/IGF-1 axis, inflammation, and aging.
  • To investigate the role of the GH/IGF-1 axis in regulating inflammation, particularly in the hypothalamus.
  • To explore the impact of GH axis signaling on metabolism and chronic disease predisposition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies examining the GH/IGF-1 axis, inflammation, and aging.
  • Analysis of evidence linking GH receptor signaling to hypothalamic inflammation.
  • Examination of data from GH- or GH receptor-deficient mouse models and GH excess conditions.

Main Results:

  • The GH/IGF-1 axis is a key regulator of inflammation in tissues like the hypothalamus.
  • GH/IGF-1 axis activity is strongly correlated with longevity; deficiencies extend lifespan and protect against aging-induced inflammation.
  • GH excess is associated with increased neuroinflammation and reduced longevity.

Conclusions:

  • GH receptor signaling directly induces hypothalamic inflammation, impacting systemic metabolism.
  • Modulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis significantly influences metabolic health and susceptibility to chronic diseases.
  • Understanding the GH/IGF-1 axis's role in inflammation offers insights into aging and non-communicable disease pathogenesis.