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Genetics of somatoform disorders.

S Torgersen

    Archives of General Psychiatry
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study on somatoform disorders found a higher concordance in identical twins, suggesting a genetic link. However, shared childhood experiences appear to be a stronger influence, indicating environmental factors in somatoform disorder transmission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Medical Genetics
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms suggesting a medical condition but not explained by a medical condition.
    • Previous research suggests a potential genetic contribution to somatoform disorders, but environmental influences are also considered.
    • Understanding the etiology of somatoform disorders is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of hereditary factors in the development of somatoform disorders using a twin study design.
    • To explore the influence of shared environmental factors, such as childhood experiences, on the concordance rates of somatoform disorders.
    • To assess the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders, particularly generalized anxiety disorder, in relatives of individuals with somatoform disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • A twin study was conducted involving 14 monozygotic (identical) and 21 dizygotic (fraternal) index twins diagnosed with somatoform disorders.
    • Personal interviews were conducted with both index twins and their co-twins to assess symptom concordance and shared experiences.
    • Statistical analysis was used to compare concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic pairs and to evaluate the impact of environmental factors.

    Main Results:

    • A higher concordance rate for somatoform disorders was observed in monozygotic twins (29%) compared to dizygotic twins (10%).
    • Similarity in childhood experiences significantly influenced the concordance rates, suggesting a substantial role for environmental factors.
    • Co-twins of individuals with somatoform disorders exhibited a high frequency of anxiety disorders, with generalized anxiety disorder being particularly prevalent.

    Conclusions:

    • While hereditary factors may contribute to somatoform disorders, environmental influences, particularly early life experiences, appear to play a more significant role in their transmission.
    • The findings suggest that somatoform disorders may be transmitted environmentally rather than solely through genetic inheritance.
    • The high co-occurrence of anxiety disorders in relatives highlights the interconnectedness of these conditions and warrants further investigation into shared risk factors.

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