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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
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Exploring the dynamic world of ternary deep eutectic solvents: Synthesis, characterization, and key properties
Mshari A Alotaibi1, Tabassum Malik2, A Naeem2
1Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Heliyon
|December 6, 2024
Summary
This study synthesized a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) using ethaline, glycine, and carboxylic acids. Adding carboxylic acids enhanced physical properties like viscosity and density, while decreasing surface tension.
Area of Science:
- Green Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer sustainable alternatives due to biodegradability, non-volatility, and low cost.
- Ethaline (ChCl:EG) and glycine are common DES components, but their properties can be tuned.
- Incorporating a third component can modify DES characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES).
- To investigate the influence of carboxylic acids as a third component on DES properties.
- To evaluate the impact on physical properties like density, viscosity, surface tension, and thermal stability.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of TDES using ethaline (ChCl:EG), glycine, and carboxylic acids.
- Characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm hydrogen bonding.
- Determination of physical properties: density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, and thermal stability.
- Estimation of critical properties using Lyderson-Joback-Reid (LJR) and Lee-Kesler mixing methods.
- Density calculation using Spencer and Danner correlation.
Main Results:
- FTIR analysis confirmed hydrogen bonding as the primary interaction in TDES formation.
- The incorporation of carboxylic acids significantly enhanced viscosity, density, and thermal stability of the binary DES.
- Surface tension of the TDES decreased with increasing carboxylic acid content, attributed to increased void radius.
- Experimental density values showed good agreement with calculations from the Spencer and Danner correlation.
Conclusions:
- Ternary deep eutectic solvents incorporating carboxylic acids exhibit improved physical properties compared to binary systems.
- Carboxylic acids act as effective modifiers, enhancing desirable solvent characteristics.
- This research provides novel insights into tailoring DES properties for specific applications through ternary component addition.
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