Screening and identification of viruses in termites: behavior-regulating roles of RcBsV and RcBV

Area of Science:

• Entomology
• Virology
• Social Insect Behavior

Background:

• Termites interact closely with microorganisms in their underground social environment.
• Limited comparative research exists on virus diversity and abundance across termite species, castes, and body parts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare the virome composition, abundance, and distribution in different termite species and castes.
• To explore the impact of specific viruses on termite social behaviors.

Main Methods:

• Virome sequencing and annotation were performed on three termite species: Cryptotermes declivis, Odontotermes formosanus, and Reticulitermes chinensis (workers, soldiers, alates).
• Virus relative abundance was analyzed across species, castes, and body parts (head vs. thorax-abdomen).
• RNA interference (RNAi) was used to reduce the abundance of two specific viruses (RcBsV and RcBV) in R. chinensis.

Main Results:

• Distinct virome taxonomic compositions, abundances, and distributions were observed among the three termite species.
• Virus diversity was higher in the thorax-abdomen compared to the head.
• Significant differences in viral communities were noted between castes of R. chinensis.
• RNAi-mediated reduction of RcBsV and RcBV led to increased aggressive and decreased altruistic behaviors in R. chinensis workers.

Conclusions:

• The study elucidates viral diversity within termites and its impact on social behavior.
• Findings provide insights into virus-host interactions in social insects.
• The identified viral influences offer potential avenues for termite control strategies.