Primary Thyroid Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report

Primary thyroid lymphoma is rare. Hashimoto's disease is usually found as a risk factor. Among thyroid lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most aggressive and frequent one. A 56-year-old man with a medical history of Hashimoto's disease presented with a neck mass and dysphonia. A computed tomography scan revealed a large thyroid mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was consistent with lymphoma, confirmed by a core needle as a DLBCL. The patient was transferred to the Department of Hematology and Oncology for chemotherapy with good results. Primary thyroid lymphoma accounts for less than 5% of all thyroid gland malignancies and less than 2% of extranodal lymphomas. It frequently affects women in the sixth or seventh decade. Hashimoto's disease is a major risk factor. DLBCL is the most common histological subtype with aggressive evolution. Radiology and FNAC are not usually very precise and a biopsy is needed. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.