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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Primary Thyroid Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Makram Tbini1,2, Salma Bessioud1,2, Oumayma El Mabrouk1,2

  • 1ENT Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|December 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary thyroid lymphoma, often diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), is rare but aggressive. Hashimoto's disease is a key risk factor. Early diagnosis and chemotherapy are crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
cancercomputed tomographyhead and neckthyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare malignancy, accounting for <5% of thyroid cancers.
  • Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent and aggressive subtype.
  • Hashimoto's disease is a significant risk factor for primary thyroid lymphoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of primary thyroid DLBCL in a patient with Hashimoto's disease.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 56-year-old male with Hashimoto's disease presenting with neck mass and dysphonia.
  • Diagnostic workup included computed tomography (CT) scan and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
  • Core needle biopsy confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Main Results:

  • CT revealed a large thyroid mass.
  • FNAC was consistent with lymphoma, and biopsy confirmed DLBCL.
  • The patient responded well to chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Primary thyroid lymphoma, particularly DLBCL, requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients with Hashimoto's disease.
  • While imaging and FNAC can suggest lymphoma, a biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis.
  • Multimodal treatment, including chemotherapy, is the cornerstone of management for thyroid DLBCL.