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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order QCD Corrections to Polarized Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering.

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We present complete next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) results for polarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS). These findings advance the proton spin puzzle resolution and are crucial for future electron-ion collider experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • * High-energy particle physics, specifically Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
  • * Exploration of the fundamental structure of protons and their spin properties.

Background:

  • * The proton spin puzzle remains a significant unsolved problem in particle physics.
  • * Semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is a crucial experimental probe for understanding proton spin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide complete theoretical calculations for polarized SIDIS at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO).
  • * To analyze the impact of NNLO corrections on theoretical predictions and their implications for future experiments.

Main Methods:

  • * Analytical calculations within perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD).
  • * Inclusion of all relevant partonic channels for lepton-hadron scattering.
  • * Identification of a spin-averaged hadron in the final state.

Main Results:

  • * Complete NNLO results for polarized SIDIS are presented.
  • * Numerical analysis demonstrates the significance of NNLO corrections.
  • * Reduced residual scale dependence is observed within the kinematic range of future colliders.

Conclusions:

  • * The presented NNLO calculations offer a significant theoretical advancement for SIDIS.
  • * These results will enhance the precision of theoretical predictions for experiments like the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).
  • * The findings contribute to a better understanding of the proton spin puzzle.