Sacral Agenesis

Sacral agenesis (SA) is a rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by the incomplete development of the sacral spine. This work summarizes the scientific literature on SA, including the following sections: pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, genetics, clinical manifestations, radiological classification, diagnosis, and management. The aim of this work is to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive medical narrative literature review for this rare congenital disease. This narrative review used PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Embase databases. Between December 2022 and September 2023, the following terms were used for the inclusion of original articles: "rare disease," "caudal regression," "diabetic embryopathy," and "sacral agenesis.? The International Sacral Agenesis/Caudal Regression Association participated in reviewing this manuscript and drafting a paragraph on behalf of those living with this condition. The clinical manifestations of SA are heterogeneous. The most prevalent manifestations involve peripheral neurological, motor, urinary, and digestive issues. The prognosis depends on the severity and associated abnormalities. Patients usually exhibit normal mental function but require a multidisciplinary evaluation and largely supportive treatment that enables them to live successful lives. More awareness and research are needed.