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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Using Routinely Collected Health Data to Estimate the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Potentially Modifiable

Salomón Salazar-Londoño1, Cristina Silva-Buriticá1, Laura Herrera-Velez1

  • 1Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is linked to higher rates of hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Managing these conditions may help reduce AD risk, especially in men.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, with a growing prevalence worldwide.
  • A subset of AD cases may be preventable by addressing modifiable risk factors.
  • This study investigates the prevalence of four key modifiable risk factors in individuals diagnosed with AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hearing loss, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and hypertension in a population with Alzheimer's Disease.
  • To analyze the association between these risk factors and Alzheimer's Disease.
  • To examine how age and sex influence the relationship between these risk factors and AD.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, cross-sectional study utilizing Colombian health system data (SISPRO) from 2018-2022.
  • Analysis included 167,556 individuals aged 50-100 with a primary AD diagnosis (ICD-10 codes).
  • Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated and adjusted for age using the Mantel-Haenszel formula.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension (PR=1.44), DM (PR=1.34), and hearing loss (PR=1.31) showed significant positive associations with AD after age correction.
  • Obesity showed a positive association in males and the overall population but not in females.
  • The magnitude of PRs was greater in younger and male age groups.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors is elevated in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease.
  • These findings underscore the importance of managing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hearing loss in AD prevention and management strategies.
  • Targeted interventions for these risk factors may be particularly beneficial for younger and male populations at risk for AD.