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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Validated Immunochemical Assay for Comprehensive Determination of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Released from and Bound to Cells
Published on: May 9, 2025
Immunotherapy for hormone receptor‒positive HER2-negative breast cancer
Fatima Cardoso1, Kim M Hirshfield2, Kimberly A Kraynyak2
1Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal. fatimacardoso@fundacaochampalimaud.pt.
Abstract:
Additional therapies are needed to improve outcomes in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Research on the potential role of immunotherapy, particularly programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors, is rapidly expanding in both the early and metastatic settings with some preliminary evidence suggesting benefit when used as part of combination therapy. Several ongoing phase 3 studies should help define their future role in treating these patients.
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