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Precision in dentistry: how PLA 3D printing settings influence model accuracy.

Louis Hartmann1, Verena Passin2, Sophie Dürndorfer2

  • 1Private Practice, Dresden, Germany. hartmann-louis@web.de.

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics = Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/Official Journal Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Kieferorthopadie
|December 6, 2024
PubMed
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Optimizing 3D printing for dental models requires careful selection of printing temperature and layer height. These factors significantly impact the accuracy of 3D printed dental models, while print speed and infill density have minimal effect.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Technology
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Digital dentistry, including computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), offers advanced alternatives to traditional orthodontic methods.
  • Precise 3D printing is crucial for converting digital data into accurate physical dental models.
  • Selecting optimal 3D printer settings is challenging due to numerous available parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of key 3D printing parameters on the accuracy of dental models.
  • Specifically investigate the influence of layer height, printing temperature, print speed, and infill density.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D file of a maxillary central incisor was printed 275 times using polylactic acid (PLA) filament on an industrial 3D printer.
Keywords:
Dental study model accuracyLayer heightPolylactic acid filamentPrinting temperatureThree-dimensional printing settings

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  • Varied settings included temperature, layer height, print speed, and infill density.
  • Accuracy was assessed by calculating root mean square error after scanning the printed models; statistical analyses included linear regression and ANOVA.

    • Main Results:

    • Printing temperature and layer height demonstrated statistically significant effects on the accuracy of 3D printed dental models (p < 0.05).
    • R-squared values indicated printing temperature explained 43% of the variance in accuracy, while layer height explained 11%.
    • Infill density and print speed did not show statistically significant impacts on model accuracy (p > 0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate 3D printing of dental models using PLA filament is significantly influenced by the choice of printing temperature and layer height.
    • Print speed and infill density appear to have a lesser impact on the precision of these dental models.