Potential Harm in the Psychological Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals show disproportionately high rates of mental distress relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers resulting from minority stress, or unique identity-related stressors. The majority of research on minority stress and mental health in SGM individuals has focused on adults, a notable gap given that SGM youth face unique developmental factors that intersect with identity development and availability of support resources. SGM youth therefore represent a critical population for the mental health workforce to serve competently. Mental health providers risk significant harm to their SGM youth clients if they do not understand the mechanisms underlying mental health disparities in this population. This article will review treatment practices that carry the potential for harm with SGM youth, including harms that are more overt and attempt to change SGM identities (i.e., so-called "conversion therapies"), and others that are more covert, such as neglecting to consider SGM identity in conceptualization and treatment (e.g., eating disorders), pathologizing SGM identity and behaviors (e.g., personality disorders, social anxiety), and reinforcing stigma related to SGM identities (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder). Accordingly, this article reviews each of these potential harms in detail and provides alternative recommendations for affirming and justice-based treatment for SGM youth.