The Effects of different forms of exercise during the early life on the bone microstructure of ovariectomized mice

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a type of bone disease with bone loss and deterioration of skeletal function that occurs in women after menopause. Studies have found that early-life exercise can reduce the risk of fractures and decrease the occurrence of osteoporosis, making it a promising approach for preventing and reversing bone loss. In this study, to identify the optimal forms of exercise during early life to optimize bone health and provide suggestions for promoting bone health through exercise training during early life, we conducted different forms of exercise interventions including ladder climbing, treadmill running, combined training, and whole-body vibration (WBV) on adolescent mice for 8 weeks and observed the accumulation of bone mass and arrangement of bone microstructure in adult mice. After removing the ovaries bilaterally, the mice were resting for 22 weeks to simulate the bone loss condition observed in postmenopausal women. We examined the resistance of the bone microstructure to degradation in response to exercise during early life and characterized the specific effects of different forms of exercise on countering bone microstructure deterioration. Our findings demonstrate that early-life exercise exerts long-term beneficial effects on bone health. All four forms of early-life exercise can delay bone loss due to decreased estrogen and improve the bone microstructure to varying degrees, with resistance and vibration training demonstrating superior protective benefits.