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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Multimodal response-predictor analysis for three non-invasive brain stimulation protocols.

Jean-Marc Therrien-Blanchet1, Marie Chantal Ferland1, Meriem Badri1

  • 1Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Brain Research
|December 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting brain stimulation response is challenging. Baseline neurophysiological, anatomical, and chemical factors did not reliably predict outcomes for paired associative stimulation, transcranial direct current, or alternating current stimulation in healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Corticospinal excitabilityPaired associative stimulationPrimary motor cortexTranscranial alternating current stimulationTranscranial direct current stimulationTranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods like paired associative stimulation (PAS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulate brain activity.
  • Significant inter-individual variability exists in responses to NIBS, particularly over the primary motor cortex hand area (M1hand).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify baseline neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical predictors of response to PAS, tDCS, and tACS.
  • To investigate if factors like late I-wave latency, M1hand cortical thickness, and corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy predict NIBS outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants received PAS, anodal tDCS, and 20-Hz tACS in a repeated measures design.
  • Corticospinal excitability changes were measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation input-output curves.
  • Primary predictors included late I-wave latency, M1hand cortical thickness, and CSThand fractional anisotropy; secondary analyses explored additional MRI and MRS measures.

Main Results:

  • None of the primary baseline variables predicted intervention outcomes for any NIBS protocol.
  • Exploratory analyses showed no significant correlation between predictors and PAS outcomes.
  • tDCS and tACS showed significant correlations with some baseline measures, but these require confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline characteristics do not reliably predict cortical excitability modulation by common NIBS protocols.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action for NIBS.
  • Exploratory findings require validation in larger, confirmatory studies.