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New drugs for treating dyslipidemias. From small molecules to small interfering RNAs
Lluís Masana1, Daiana Ibarretxe1
1Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Reus, Tarragona, España.
Insights
New cardiovascular drugs target lipoprotein disorders to reduce persistent cardiovascular events. Research explores novel pathways and mechanisms like RNA interference, including inclisiran, for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality.
- Current therapies for lowering LDL-C do not fully eliminate residual cardiovascular risk.
- Persistent cardiovascular events occur even when LDL-C targets are met.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms for lipoprotein metabolism disorders.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of novel drug development in cardiovascular medicine.
- To assess the potential clinical impact of new treatments for dyslipidemia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on novel cardiovascular drug development.
- Analysis of pharmacological mechanisms targeting lipoprotein metabolism.
- Discussion of clinical trial data and regulatory approvals for new agents.
Main Results:
- Inclisiran represents a first-in-class therapy utilizing RNA interference for cardiovascular risk reduction.
- Multiple novel pharmacological approaches are under investigation, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies.
- These new therapies target different pathways in lipoprotein metabolism, offering alternative treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- Novel therapeutic strategies are crucial to address unmet needs in cardiovascular disease prevention.
- Advancements in understanding lipoprotein metabolism are driving the development of innovative pharmacological agents.
- The reviewed therapies hold promise for significantly impacting the management of dyslipidemia and reducing cardiovascular events.
Abstract:
Despite the various therapeutic tools available, many patients do not achieve therapeutic goals, and cardiovascular diseases remain a significant cause of death in our setting. Furthermore, even in patients who manage to reduce their LDL-C levels to the recommended targets, cardiovascular events continue to occur. The therapeutic challenge and the persistent risk have led to active research into new drugs targeting novel therapeutic pathways in the field of lipoprotein metabolism disorders. The therapeutic approach involves new pharmacological mechanisms, ranging from small molecules and monoclonal antibodies to RNA interference, with inclisiran being the first drug approved for clinical use in the cardiovascular domain. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the new therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms under development, as well as their potential clinical impact.
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