Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2025
09:27
Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
Published on: April 22, 2016
17.3K
From discovery to application: Enabling technology-based optimizing carbonyl reductases biocatalysis for active
Jie Gu1, Wanmeng Mu2, Yan Xu3
1Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Biotechnology Advances
|December 8, 2024
Summary
Novel carbonyl reductases are crucial for biocatalysis, enabling the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals. This review explores discovering new enzymes, protein engineering, and de novo design for industrial applications.
Area of Science:
- Biocatalysis and Green Chemistry
- Enzyme Engineering and Biosynthesis
Background:
- Carbonyl reductases (alcohol dehydrogenases) are vital NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases for chiral compound synthesis.
- Current carbonyl reductases lack the functional diversity needed for broad industrial applications, necessitating new enzyme development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review methods for discovering novel natural carbonyl reductases.
- To discuss advances in protein engineering and de novo design for enhanced enzyme function.
- To explore applications of high-performance carbonyl reductases and coenzyme regeneration strategies.
Main Methods:
- Summarizing discovery methods for natural carbonyl reductases.
- Reviewing protein engineering approaches using sequence, structure, and dynamics.
- Highlighting data-driven tools for de novo enzyme design.
- Examining applications and coenzyme regeneration strategies, including photocatalysis.
Main Results:
- Identified diverse strategies for discovering and engineering carbonyl reductases.
- Demonstrated the potential of de novo design for creating novel biocatalysts.
- Showcased applications in pharmaceutical synthesis and green chemistry.
Conclusions:
- Advancements in carbonyl reductase discovery and engineering offer significant opportunities for biosynthesis and green chemistry.
- Development of tailored biocatalysts is key to expanding the toolbox for efficient chiral compound production.
- Future research directions include optimizing enzyme performance and coenzyme regeneration systems.
Keywords:
BiocatalysisCarbonyl reductasesChiral alcoholsProtein engineeringSequence-structure-functionMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:17Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
3.2K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.2K
01:27Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions
175
Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
175
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
10.2K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.2K
01:07Catalytically Perfect Enzymes
3.9K
The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
Most enzymes...
Most enzymes...
3.9K
01:22Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation
4.0K
Baeyer–Villiger oxidation converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids and ketones to esters. The reaction uses peroxy acids or peracids and is often catalyzed by acid. The reaction is named after its pioneers, Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger. The reaction is achieved by a wide range of peracids such as m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), perbenzoic acid (C6H5COOOH), peracetic acid (CH3COOOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH).
The carbonyl center is...
The carbonyl center is...
4.0K
01:38Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
2.7K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
2.7K