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Uptake of Fluorescent Labeled Small Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and in Spinal Cord
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Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders.

Vsevolod V Severtsev1,2, Margarita A Pavkina3, Nikolay N Ivanets3

  • 1Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119048, Russia. severtsevmed@gmail.com.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|December 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are promising biomarkers for brain disorders. Psychoactive substances alter sEVs, potentially through fast neuroplasticity and slow biogenesis impairment mechanisms.

Keywords:
addictologybiomarkers in psychiatrydependence syndromeexosomesfundamental mechanisms of addictive disorderssmall extracellular vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can cross the blood-brain barrier and carry brain-specific molecules.
  • sEVs are protected from immune destruction by their membrane proteins, making them ideal biomarkers.
  • Psychoactive substance exposure alters sEV biogenesis and cargo composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of sEVs as biomarkers in mental and addictive disorders.
  • To investigate how psychoactive substances affect sEVs.
  • To hypothesize mechanisms underlying substance-induced sEV alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sEVs and psychoactive substances.
  • Analysis of sEV cargo alterations (e.g., Rab GTPases, cytokines).
  • Examination of sex-dependent effects of substances on sEVs.

Main Results:

  • sEVs contain potential biomarkers for addictive pathologies.
  • Psychoactive substances impact sEVs, influencing neuroinflammation and cell interactions.
  • Evidence suggests sex-dependent effects of substances on sEVs.

Conclusions:

  • sEVs are crucial in neuroinflammation and cell communication.
  • A dual-stage mechanism (fast neuroplasticity, slow biogenesis impairment) is proposed for substance effects on sEVs.
  • Further research is needed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of sEV biomarkers.