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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

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pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct01:26

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

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The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal...
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Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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[Physiological Functions of Claudins].

Mikio Furuse1

  • 1Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|December 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tight junctions, formed by claudins, regulate barrier function in cells. Different claudin combinations create diverse TJ functions, impacting tissue permeability and health.

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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Tight junctions (TJs) are crucial intercellular junctions in vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • They maintain barrier function by controlling paracellular permeability to water-soluble molecules.
  • Claudins, a family of over 20 membrane proteins, are key structural and functional components of TJs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of claudins in TJ structure and function.
  • To understand how different claudin combinations contribute to TJ diversity and tissue-specific permeability.
  • To explore the physiological and pathological implications of TJ dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of claudin family members and their subtypes.
  • Classification of claudins into barrier-forming and pore-forming types.
  • Examination of knockout mouse models and genetic diseases associated with claudin mutations.

Main Results:

  • Claudins form the primary structure of TJs, enabling barrier or pore formation.
  • Combinatorial expression of claudins creates functional diversity, tailoring TJ permeability.
  • Studies on gene knockouts and mutations reveal TJ's organ-level functions and pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Claudins are central to TJ assembly and function, dictating epithelial and endothelial barrier properties.
  • The diverse expression patterns of claudins allow for precise regulation of paracellular transport.
  • Understanding claudin roles is vital for comprehending tissue homeostasis and diseases linked to TJ defects.