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Trabecular Bone Ontogeny of the Human Distal Tibia.

Rebecca A G Reid1, Catriona Davies1, Craig Cunningham1

  • 1Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The fetal distal tibia shows immature bone patterns, but by one year, it adapts to bipedal gait. After age one, the distal tibia develops structural heterogeneity for weight-bearing stresses.

Keywords:
bipedalismmicrocomputed tomographyontogenytibiatrabecular analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Human Osteology
  • Skeletal Development
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Trabecular bone adaptation to biomechanical forces is increasingly understood during development.
  • The distal tibia's role in weight-bearing locomotion is significant, yet its ontogenetic trabecular patterns are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document ontogenetic trabecular patterns in the distal tibia.
  • To analyze changes in the distal tibia's structural heterogeneity throughout development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 38 distal tibiae from 28 intrauterine weeks to 8 postnatal years.
  • Utilized microcomputed tomography for quantitative volume of interest and qualitative whole bone mapping.

Main Results:

  • Fetal and perinatal tibiae exhibit high bone volume fraction with immature organization.
  • A decrease in bone volume fraction and early trabecular re-organization occur within the first year of life.
  • Increased trabecular structural heterogeneity is observed in the distal tibia after one year of age.

Conclusions:

  • Early distal tibia architecture reflects ossification, with bone mass accumulation for postnatal adaptation.
  • Postnatal development, particularly the first year, shows decreased bone volume fraction linked to biomechanical shifts from bipedal gait and growth.
  • After one year, the distal tibia adapts its trabecular structure to accommodate bipedal stresses, showing increased heterogeneity.