Infiltrating recurrent renal angiomyolipoma with fatal outcome

Renal angiomyolipomas are considered to be benign mesenchymal tumors despite histological findings often remarkable for cellular pleomorphism and mitoses. We report a renal angiomyolipoma in a 49-year-old white woman. Surgical treatment was followed by massive recurrence with perforation of the colon and invasion of the diaphragm. The patient died despite surgical debulking and radiation therapy. A review of the literature revealed 1 case of massive recurrence following partial resection of the tumor and 2 in which the tumor showed marked local invasion. We believe that patients with renal angiomyolipoma should be monitored carefully for aggressive tissue infiltration and recurrent tumor.