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Nephrolithiasis in premature infants.

V Gilsanz, W Fernal, B S Reid

    Radiology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Nephrolithiasis in premature infants is often linked to furosemide treatment causing hypercalciuria. Early ultrasonography screening is recommended for premature babies on furosemide to detect kidney stones.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Medical Research

    Background:

    • Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, can occur in premature infants.
    • Immature kidney function in neonates may increase susceptibility to stone formation.
    • Certain medical treatments can contribute to stone development in vulnerable infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the causes and mechanisms of nephrolithiasis in premature infants.
    • To identify risk factors associated with kidney stone formation in this population.
    • To recommend screening protocols for early detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of clinical records of ten premature infants diagnosed with nephrolithiasis.
    • Analysis of potential contributing factors, including medication use and congenital conditions.

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  • Evaluation of urinary calcium excretion patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • Nine out of ten infants had hypercalciuria, primarily associated with furosemide therapy.
    • One infant presented with congenital hyperparathyroidism as the cause.
    • Immature kidneys and high calcium excretion predisposed neonates to calcium stones.

    Conclusions:

    • Furosemide-induced hypercalciuria is a significant factor in neonatal nephrolithiasis.
    • Congenital conditions like hyperparathyroidism can also lead to kidney stones in neonates.
    • Ultrasonography screening for renal calcifications is crucial for premature infants on furosemide.