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Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

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Birth season affects cow longevity.

I M Toledo¹, L Cattaneo², J E P Santos¹

¹Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

JDS Communications

|December 9, 2024

Summary

Dairy cows born in cooler seasons live longer and are less likely to be culled. This study found that cool season births (CL) in Holstein cows increased herd productive life compared to hot season births (HS), reducing culling and death risks.

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Dairy Production
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Dairy cow longevity is a critical economic factor influenced by culling decisions.
Seasonal variations impact dairy cow health, behavior, and performance.
Mitigating heat stress through management adjustments can reduce culling risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the relationship between birth season and dairy cow longevity in Holstein herds.
To investigate the impact of birth season on culling rates and reasons for culling.
To determine if cool season births (CL) improve productive herd life compared to hot season births (HS).

Main Methods:

Analysis of 10,812 primiparous and 10,812 multiparous Holstein cow records from Florida (2012-2022).
Analysis of 8,197 Holstein cow records from California (2012-2022).
Comparison of longevity (≥5 lactations) and culling data based on birth season (CL vs. HS).

Main Results:

In Florida, 72% of long-lived cows (≥5 lactations) were born during CL, versus 28% born during HS.
In California, 56.3% of long-lived cows were born during CL, versus 43.7% born during HS.
Hot season born cows in Florida showed higher culling rates due to breeding, foot/leg issues, and mastitis, and increased death risk in early lactations.

Conclusions:

Birth season significantly impacts dairy cow longevity and culling risk.
Cool season births are associated with increased productive herd life and reduced mortality.
Management strategies should consider seasonal effects, particularly heat stress, to enhance dairy cow longevity.