Capabilities of Cephalometric Methods to Study X-rays in Three-Dimensional Space (Review)

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Medical Imaging
• Orthodontics

Background:

• Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis is crucial for diagnosing maxillofacial anomalies.
• Existing methods often rely on 2D reformats, limiting true 3D application.
• Lack of standardized landmarks and planes complicates diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review modern 3D cephalometric analysis methods.
• To assess the efficiency of these diagnostic techniques.
• To identify challenges and future directions in 3D cephalometry.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of scientific papers.
• Searched databases: PubMed, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar.
• Keywords included: 3D cephalometry, cephalometric analysis, orthodontics, maxillofacial anomalies, CBCT.

Main Results:

• Many "3D" methods utilize 2D reformates for measurements.
• True 3D methods are fragmented and not practically applicable.
• Disunity in landmark selection and lack of uniform standards hinder diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Current 3D cephalometric analysis faces significant standardization challenges.
• Artificial neuron networks and in-depth study technologies show promise for processing 3D images.
• Future research should focus on developing uniform standards for skull measurements.