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Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Interaction between coronaviruses and the autophagic response.

Jiarong Yu1, Shengqiang Ge1, Jinming Li1

  • 1China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|December 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Understanding cellular autophagy is key to fighting coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2. This review explores how autophagy impacts viral replication, aiding vaccine and drug development against these significant public health threats.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2autophagycoronavirusimmune responsevirus replication

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay &#8212; A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, pose a global health threat.
  • Cellular autophagy maintains homeostasis and defends against pathogens via xenophagy.
  • Coronaviruses manipulate autophagy for their own replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how coronaviruses regulate autophagy.
  • To analyze virus-host interactions, focusing on SARS-CoV-2.
  • To provide a foundation for developing new vaccines and drug targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on coronaviruses and autophagy.
  • Analysis of virus-host interaction mechanisms.
  • Focus on recent data concerning SARS-CoV-2.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses induce and manipulate autophagy for replication.
  • Autophagy's role in viral replication can be both beneficial and detrimental.
  • Specific mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with autophagy are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of autophagy's dual role is crucial for combating coronaviruses.
  • Targeting virus-autophagy interactions offers potential for therapeutic strategies.
  • This review provides insights for future vaccine and drug development against SARS-CoV-2.