A Review of Photon-Counting Computed Tomography (PCCT) in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases

Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an innovative mechanism used for imaging and provides higher spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity in comparison with the orthodox energy-integrating detectors (EIDs). Unlike EID-based CT systems, which indirectly convert X-ray photons to electrical signals, PCCT directly counts and quantifies each photon's energy, enhancing image quality and material separation. With all of these features, PCCT is especially useful for cardiovascular imaging, where it is essential to precisely observe cardiac tissues, vascular structures, and coronary arteries. Around the globe, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the primary cause of morbidity and death, and early, precise diagnosis is essential for effective management. This review examines the role of PCCT in diagnosing CVDs, highlighting its enhanced capabilities in improving the precision in diagnosis as well as patient outcomes compared to conventional CT methods. While current evidence supports PCCT's advantages, further research is necessary to validate these findings and facilitate its broader clinical adoption.