[Spontaneous coronary artery dissection]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Biology
• Women's Health

Background:

• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a critical cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young women, accounting for up to 35% of cases.
• SCAD involves non-traumatic splitting of coronary artery walls, leading to reduced blood flow and myocardial infarction symptoms.
• Despite its prevalence, optimal treatment strategies for SCAD remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge regarding Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD).
• To increase awareness and understanding of SCAD among healthcare professionals and the public.
• To highlight factors influencing SCAD prognosis and the need for refined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes existing literature on Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD).
• Information was gathered from recent studies, clinical guidelines, and expert consensus reports.
• The review focuses on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of SCAD.

Main Results:

• SCAD disproportionately affects young women and can mimic acute myocardial infarction.
• Hormonal fluctuations, stress, migraines, and psychological factors are identified as potential contributors to SCAD.
• Current treatment approaches for SCAD are debated, necessitating further research into long-term outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Increased awareness of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
• Further research is required to optimize diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for SCAD.
• Understanding the multifaceted factors influencing SCAD prognosis is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.