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Selective Lipophilization of Natural Phenolic Alcohols Induced by In Situ Choline Chloride-Based Natural Deep
Sonia Bonacci1, Erika Cione2,3, Mario Coscarella1
1AGreen Food Laboratory Health Sciences Department, Magna Græcia University, Germaneto, CZ 88100, Italy.
Abstract:
In this scientific work, a novel and green method for selective lipophilization of EVOO's bioactive phenolic alcohols (PAs), namely, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite homovanillyl alcohol as fatty acid esters, is elucidated. The PAs have been employed as hydrogen bond donors in the formation of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) with choline chloride (ChCl). The fast and cheap esterification method by in situ formation of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents promotes the derivatization of PAs with various fatty acids as acylating agents in the absence of organic solvents and catalysts. Furthermore, given the growing interest in the application of NADES formed by bioactive molecules in the pharmacological and cosmetic fields, we analyzed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase of three chemical formulations obtained after the formation of PA-oleate in the H2O2-treated HaCat human keratinocytes cell line, assessing also their toxicity via the MTT assay.
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Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group. The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2, depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
02:48Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
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Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
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In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
01:12Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis
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