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Alterations in surface-based brain morphometry in men with opioid use disorder.

Abhishek Ghosh1, Abhishek Verma1,2, Simranjit Kaur3

  • 1Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
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Summary

Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) exhibit altered brain structure, including increased sulcal depth and decreased gyrification. Early opioid initiation is linked to cortical thickness changes, suggesting neurodevelopmental impacts.

Keywords:
Opioid use disordercortical thicknesssurface-based morphometrysynaptic pruning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Cortical metrics like thickness and folding may indicate synaptic pruning and myelination changes.
  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) may be associated with neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure, leading to altered cortical structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cortical metrics between individuals with OUD and controls.
  • To investigate the influence of age and duration of opioid exposure on cortical structure in OUD.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-nine treatment-naïve men with OUD and 25 controls underwent MRI scans.
  • Surface-based morphometry (SBM) assessed cortical thickness, sulcal depth, fractal dimension, and gyrification index using the Destrieux atlas.
  • Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 was used for image processing.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with OUD showed greater sulcal depth in the right lateral orbital sulcus and lower gyrification in the left frontal middle gyrus compared to controls.
  • Earlier age of opioid initiation correlated with greater cortical thickness in the inferior frontal and anterior cingulate regions.
  • Longer duration of OUD was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal and occipital areas.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical abnormalities in OUD may result from altered synaptic pruning and myelination.
  • These structural changes could be linked to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure.
  • Findings highlight potential structural brain differences associated with opioid use disorder.