Ultrasound-triggered drug release in vivo from antibubble-loaded macrophages

Nanoparticles have proven to be attractive carriers in therapeutic drug delivery since they can encapsulate, protect and stabilize a plethora of different drugs, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. However, specific targeting of drug-loaded nanoparticles to the tissue of interest and a timely and spatially controlled release of drugs on demand still represent a challenge. Recently, gas-filled microparticles, so-called antibubbles, have been developed which can efficiently encapsulate liquid drug droplets. Here, we show that antibubbles are efficiently taken up by macrophages in vitro and are stably maintained for more than 48 h without compromising antibubble integrity and macrophage viability. We show that application of diagnostic ultrasound induces the disintegration of both antibubbles and carrier cells while not affecting non-loaded macrophages. Using 4-hydroxytamoxifen as a model drug, we show ultrasound-mediated drug release upon adoptive transfer of antibubble-loaded macrophages in mice. Together with the ability of macrophages to accumulate in inflamed tissues, antibubble-loaded macrophages represent an attractive tool for targeted delivery of drugs and its ultrasound-mediated spatial and temporal drug release, highlighting the therapeutic perspective of this strategy.