Mechanism of removal of Sb from printing and dyeing wastewater by a novel titanium-manganese binary oxide

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic heavy metal that endangers both the environment and human health. In response to the growing need for efficient Sb removal from printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW), this study introduces a novel titanium-manganese binary oxide adsorbent (T2M1BO) synthesized via precipitation. Experimental results show that T2M1BO exhibited higher absorption efficiency for Sb(III) compared to Sb(V), with maximum adsorption capacities recorded at 323.19 mg/g for Sb(III) and 273.65 mg/g for Sb(V) at pH 5. The findings emphasize the synergistic interaction between titanium and manganese oxides, which enhances the adsorption of antimony. Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model. While Sb(V) adsorption involved surface metal hydroxyl group replacement and inner-sphere complex formation, Sb(III) removal required a more complex approach, incorporating adsorption and oxidation processes. The straightforward synthesis, high efficiency, and recyclability of T2M1BO position it as a cpromising candidate for antimony removal in recyclability wastewater treatment.