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Essential oil from Ocimum carnosum induces ROS mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic apoptosis in HL-60
Madhunika Agrawal1, A K Saxena2, Satyam Kumar Agrawal3
1Cellsinvitro Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., SAS Nagar, Mohali 140308, Punjab, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180016, India.
Summary
Essential oil from Ocimum carnosum (EOC) shows strong anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. EOC reduces cell viability through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Leukemia remains a significant health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic agents.
- Natural compounds are increasingly explored for their anti-cancer properties.
- Ocimum species are known for their diverse medicinal applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cytotoxic effects of essential oil from Ocimum carnosum (EOC) on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
- To elucidate the mechanism of EOC-induced cell death.
- To assess the potential of EOC as an anti-cancer agent.
Main Methods:
- Cell viability assays to determine IC50 values.
- Morphological analysis to identify apoptotic features.
- Flow cytometry to assess cell cycle distribution and DNA fragmentation.
- Mitochondrial membrane potential assessment and cytochrome c release analysis.
- Western blotting to evaluate Bcl-2 and caspase expression.
Main Results:
- EOC exhibited potent, dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 0.029 μl/ml at 24 hours.
- EOC induced apoptosis characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and nuclear condensation.
- Flow cytometry revealed an increased sub-G0 cell population, indicating DNA fragmentation.
- Mitochondrial pathway involvement was confirmed by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release.
- EOC treatment led to Bcl-2 depletion and activation of caspases.
Conclusions:
- EOC possesses significant cytotoxic activity against HL-60 leukemia cells.
- EOC induces apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, involving cytochrome c release and caspase activation.
- EOC demonstrates promising anti-cancer properties, warranting further investigation for therapeutic development.
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