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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease
Michael T Heneka1, Wiesje M van der Flier2, Frank Jessen3
1Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette/Belvaux, Luxembourg. michael.heneka@uni.lu.
Nature Reviews. Immunology
|December 9, 2024
Summary
Immune processes are key in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms, genetics, and lifestyle factors is crucial for developing new treatments targeting neuroinflammation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder.
- Immune system activation (innate and adaptive) plays a significant role in AD pathogenesis.
- AD has a long preclinical phase where immune mechanisms drive disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in Alzheimer disease development.
- To explore the influence of genetics and lifestyle factors on AD pathogenesis.
- To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation in AD.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological, and genetic studies.
- Analysis of immune cell types and pathological pathways in AD.
- Examination of genetic and lifestyle influences on disease progression.
Main Results:
- Evidence strongly implicates immune processes in Alzheimer disease.
- Genetics and lifestyle factors modulate immune responses in AD.
- Neuroinflammation is a critical driver of AD spread and progression.
Conclusions:
- A precise understanding of immune cells and mechanisms in AD is essential for effective treatment development.
- Targeting neuroinflammation represents a promising therapeutic avenue for Alzheimer disease.
- New treatments focusing on neuroinflammation are entering clinical trials.
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