A Compact Piezo-Drive Rotatable Scanning Tunneling Microscope in a 12 T Cryogen-Free Magnet

Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of in situ rotation in a narrow magnet bore has become a long-awaited but challenging technique in the field of strong correlation studies since it can introduce the orientation of the strong magnetic field as a control parameter. This article presents the design and functionality of a piezoelectrically driven rotatable STM (RSTM), operating within a 12 T cryogen-free magnet and achieving a base temperature below 1.8 K, along with spectroscopic capabilities. The system features a compact STM head unit that combines an inertia drive shaft with spring clamping onto the inner wall of a slender piezoelectric scanning tube (PST), enabling both stepper and scanner functionality while reducing the STM's size to 25.5 mm in length and 9 mm in diameter, facilitating rotation within the magnet bore. Another linear piezoelectric motor, driven by a PST, employs a mechanical linkage to convert linear into rotational motion, driving the STM head unit coaxially aligned with it. This mechanism enables STM accurate rotation, offering angle control from 0° to 90° with an ideal closed-loop accuracy of 0.11° per 0.01 V, as determined by a calibrated Hall sensor. Compact and suspended as a standalone unit at the tail of the sample probe, the RSTM is effectively shielded from external mechanical vibrations via secondary counterweight damping. To validate the device performance, the topographic images of graphite and NbSe₂ and their spectroscopy at various magnetic field orientations up to 12 T and temperatures below 1.8 K are obtained. The compact and vibration-resistant RSTM provides compatibility with ultra-high-field water-cooled magnets, facilitating investigations into multiangle magnetic field modulation studies for condensed matter physics.