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Decomplementation antigen, a possible determinant of staphylococcal pathogenicity.

S Bhakdi, M Muhly

    Infection and Immunity
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Staphylococcal decomplementation antigen (DA) rapidly consumes early complement components in human serum via immune complexes. This novel staphylococcal product likely protects bacteria from complement-mediated attack.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Staphylococcus species are significant human pathogens.
    • The complement system is a crucial part of innate immunity that can be activated by bacteria.
    • Mechanisms by which staphylococci evade complement are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize a novel extracellular staphylococcal product involved in complement evasion.
    • To understand the mechanism by which this product interacts with the complement system.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum complement consumption assays.
    • Biochemical characterization of the staphylococcal product (size, stability).
    • Correlation analysis with known virulence factors.

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    Main Results:

    • An extracellular staphylococcal product, decomplementation antigen (DA), was identified.
    • DA rapidly consumes complement components C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 in human serum.
    • Complement activation is mediated by immune complexes of DA and human IgG, primarily via the classical pathway.
    • DA is a stable macromolecule (70-120 kDa) and its production does not correlate with common staphylococcal virulence factors.
    • Terminal complement components (C7-C9) are not consumed.

    Conclusions:

    • Staphylococcal decomplementation antigen (DA) is a novel bacterial product that activates complement.
    • DA likely protects staphylococci from complement-mediated lysis by inducing fluid-phase complement consumption.
    • This mechanism represents a unique strategy for immune evasion by staphylococci.