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Isolation and partial characterization of staphylococcal decomplementation antigen.

S Bhakdi, M Muhly

    Infection and Immunity
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers isolated a potent decomplementation antigen (DA) from Staphylococcus aureus, identifying it as extracellular teichoic acid. This antigen activates complement, potentially suppressing host immune responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatants contain substances that can disrupt complement activity.
    • Decomplementation antigen (DA) was previously detected but not fully characterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize the substance responsible for decomplementation activity in S. aureus culture supernatants.
    • To elucidate the role of this substance in host-pathogen interactions and complement regulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Purification using polyethylene glycol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, Sephacryl chromatography, and SDS-PAGE.
    • Biochemical characterization including resistance to enzymes, boiling, and electrophoretic mobility analysis.
    • Immunological characterization via crossed immunoelectrophoresis and complement activation assays.

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    Main Results:

    • A potent decomplementation antigen (DA) was purified and identified as extracellular, water-soluble teichoic acid of S. aureus.
    • DA is protease-resistant, heat-stable, and possesses specific molecular weight and sedimentation properties.
    • DA forms immune complexes with human IgG, leading to rapid and complete consumption of complement components C3, C4, and C5.

    Conclusions:

    • The purified teichoic acid acts as a major extracellular antigen of S. aureus.
    • DA's ability to induce abortive complement consumption suggests a mechanism for immune evasion by S. aureus.
    • This antigen plays a significant role in suppressing host complement-mediated opsonization.