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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery
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Organic Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Achieving 4.8 V LiCoO2.

Chaocang Weng1, Meijia Qiu2, Bingfang Wang3

  • 1School of Physics and Electronic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing stable high-voltage lithium-ion batteries is crucial. This study introduces an ionic liquid electrolyte that forms a protective organic cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), significantly improving battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
Donor numberHigh-voltage electrolyteLiCoO2 side reactionsOrganic cathode electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Stabilizing high-voltage lithium-ion batteries, particularly those using lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), is a significant challenge.
  • Effective cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation is critical for mitigating detrimental reactions at elevated voltages.
  • Existing inorganic CEIs, often based on LiF, exhibit insufficient performance for high-voltage LCO applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrolyte system for enhancing the stability and cycling performance of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.
  • To investigate the formation and properties of a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) using an ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) with a high donor number additive.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed CEI in suppressing degradation mechanisms in LCO and other high-voltage cathode materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) incorporating a high donor number additive.
  • Investigated Li//LCO cells cycled at high cut-off voltages (4.7 V/4.8 V).
  • Analyzed the composition and properties of the formed CEI, focusing on C-F bond characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high capacity retention (86.9%/74.2% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) for Li//LCO cells at 4.7 V/4.8 V.
  • Discovered the formation of a stable organic CEI rich in C-F bonds, attributed to the high donor number additive.
  • Demonstrated superior cycling stability in other high-voltage systems (Li//LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 at 4.8 V and Li//LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at 4.95 V), even at 60°C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed organic CEI, rich in C-F bonds, effectively passivates the cathode surface, suppressing phase transitions, cobalt dissolution, and gas evolution.
  • This organic CEI strategy offers a promising pathway for significantly improving the electrochemical stability of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.
  • The findings pave the way for the development of more efficient and durable high-voltage lithium-ion battery technologies.