Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antimicrobial Resistance Research with Innovative Approaches and Synthetic Compounds
Published on: September 27, 2024
Synthesis, characterization and irritant effects of nonivamide irritant riot control agent based on ionic liquids
Weiting Ma1, Hongying Wang1, Zhenxiong Wang1
1State key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients-Ionic liquids (API-ILs) can increase drug solubility and bioavailability of solid drugs without changing the structure of drug molecules. In the present work, nonivamide (pelargonic acid vanillylamide, PAVA) was used as the active drug and choline (Ch) and citric acid (CA) were selected as the ions to prepare PAVA-based ionic liquid ([Ch][PAVA] and [PAVA]3 [CA]), respectively. The characterization and physical properties of [Ch][PAVA] and [PAVA]3 [CA], such as FT-IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, thermal stability and hydrophilicity, were investigated. And the irritant effects of the PAVA-based ionic liquids were measured by the animal irritation experiment. [Ch][PAVA] has higher decomposition temperatures, better hydrophilicity and comparable irritant effects. The results show that the PAVA-based ILs synthesized in this study may potentially serve as a promising novel riot control agent.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

