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  3. The Paradox Of Plastic Bag Legislation: How Bans And Taxes Affect Pm2.5 Air Pollution In 208 Countries.
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  3. The Paradox Of Plastic Bag Legislation: How Bans And Taxes Affect Pm2.5 Air Pollution In 208 Countries.

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The paradox of plastic bag legislation: How bans and taxes affect PM2.5 air pollution in 208 countries.

Rafi Amir-Ud-Din1, Muhammad Khan1, Rao Muhammad Atif1

  • 1Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.

Heliyon
|December 10, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastic bag bans generally improve air quality by reducing PM2.5 exposure, but taxes unexpectedly increase it. Careful policy design is crucial for effective pollution reduction.

Keywords:
Environmental policy impactPM2.5Plastic bag ban & taxationWHO air quality guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Policy Analysis

Background:

  • Plastic bag pollution is a global environmental concern.
  • Air quality is impacted by widespread plastic bag use.
  • Regulatory measures like bans and taxes are implemented to curb plastic pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of plastic bag bans and taxes on PM2.5 air quality.
  • To assess population exposure to PM2.5 levels relative to WHO guidelines.
  • To examine these effects across 208 countries from 1960 to 2021.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Fixed Effects, Driscoll and Kraay, and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models.
  • Analyzed data spanning from 1960 to 2021 across 208 countries.
  • Focused on the relationship between plastic bag policies and PM2.5 air quality.

Main Results:

  • Plastic bag bans generally reduce population exposure to PM2.5 above WHO guidelines.
  • Taxes on plastic bags significantly increase mean annual PM2.5 exposure and population exposure above WHO targets.
  • Combined effects show bans reduce exposure (except above Interim Target-3), while taxes increase it across all measures.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic bag bans show a positive impact on reducing PM2.5 exposure.
  • Plastic bag taxes have an unintended negative consequence, increasing air pollution.
  • Policy design requires careful consideration to avoid adverse effects on air quality.