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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

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Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Simultaneous nitric oxide and toluene reduction over Pt-based catalyst.

Cheonwoo Jeong1, Dongcheol Lee1, Sungjoong Kim2

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Heliyon
|December 10, 2024
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This study developed a platinum catalyst for simultaneous reduction of nitric oxide (NOx) and toluene, showing high efficiency for industrial environmental applications. The optimized catalyst achieved significant pollutant conversion and improved energy efficiency compared to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Catalysis Science

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compounds like toluene are significant industrial pollutants.
  • Effective catalytic converters are crucial for mitigating air pollution from industrial emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the simultaneous reduction of NOx and toluene using platinum-based catalysts.
  • To evaluate catalyst performance under various industrial process conditions.
  • To assess the energy efficiency of the developed catalytic process.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of platinum catalysts with varying loadings (0.01-3%) via wet impregnation.
  • Characterization of catalyst dispersion and surface properties.
  • Testing catalyst efficiency for NOx and toluene conversion under different concentrations and GHSV.
  • Process simulation for energy efficiency comparison.

Main Results:

  • Platinum catalysts demonstrated effective dispersion, even at high loadings.
  • The 3% Pt-loaded catalyst showed the highest efficiency in converting both NOx and toluene.
  • Optimal performance was observed under specific concentrations of NO, toluene, O2, and controlled GHSV and temperature.
  • A short-stress test confirmed high conversion rates (NOx: 89.7%, Toluene: 97.6%).
  • Process simulation indicated over 8% energy efficiency improvement compared to RCO and de-NOx processes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed platinum catalyst is highly effective for simultaneous NOx and toluene reduction.
  • Toluene in flue gas can be utilized as a reducing agent, eliminating the need for external agents.
  • The catalyst shows significant potential for industrial environmental applications, offering improved energy efficiency.