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Leveraging environmental microbial indicators in wastewater for data-driven disease diagnostics.

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Summary

Environmental factors like water quality and seasonality significantly impact SARS-CoV-2 levels in wastewater. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) reveals distinct patterns linking these conditions to viral prevalence across diverse sites.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2environmental factorsmachine learning (ML)public healhwastewater-based surveillance (WBS)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is a valuable tool for monitoring infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2.
  • Environmental factors may influence viral particle prevalence in wastewater.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for effective public health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between environmental factors and SARS-CoV-2 incidence in wastewater.
  • To analyze seasonal and spatial variations in viral prevalence across 28 monitoring sites.
  • To explore the impact of water quality parameters on SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Main Methods:

  • Collected wastewater samples from 28 sites, considering seasonal and spatial variations.
  • Measured physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and minerals; detected SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR.
  • Applied correlation analyses and unsupervised learning (K-means, K-medoid clustering) to identify patterns.

Main Results:

  • Cluster analysis revealed significant influence of seasonality and water quality on SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates.
  • Four distinct clusters showed varied associations between environmental factors and viral prevalence.
  • Clustering patterns differed across sites, highlighting diverse environmental impacts on viral detection.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors, including water quality and seasonality, critically shape SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in wastewater.
  • WBS combined with advanced data analysis provides a robust framework for public health surveillance.
  • Insights enhance understanding of disease spread in relation to environmental contexts.