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Childhood lung function is associated with adolescent-onset and persistent asthma
Hans Jacob L Koefoed1,2,3, Anhar Ullah4, Jenny Hallberg3,5
1University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
ERJ Open Research
|December 10, 2024
Summary
Children with better lung function at school age have a lower risk of developing asthma later in adolescence. This suggests that impaired lung function in childhood may contribute to asthma onset and persistence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Epidemiology
- Respiratory Health
Background:
- Asthma is linked to reduced lung function, but the relationship between childhood lung function and adolescent asthma is unclear.
- Investigating early lung function as a predictor for adolescent asthma onset and persistence is crucial for understanding disease development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between lung function in childhood and the onset and persistence of asthma during adolescence.
- To determine if early lung function metrics can predict future asthma development in teenagers.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from three population-based birth cohorts (BAMSE, PIAMA, MAAS) involving analyses at age 8 years.
- Assessed forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio.
- Employed logistic regression and meta-analysis to evaluate associations with adolescent asthma onset and persistence.
Main Results:
- Higher FEV1 % predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio at age 8 were linked to reduced odds of adolescent-onset asthma (OR 0.98 and 0.97, respectively).
- These associations remained significant even in children without prior wheezing or asthma treatment.
- Elevated FEV1/FVC ratio at age 8 also correlated with lower odds of persistent asthma into adolescence (OR 0.96).
Conclusions:
- Better childhood lung function is associated with a decreased risk of adolescent-onset asthma, particularly in males.
- Lower lung function in childhood may precede or contribute to the incidence and persistence of asthma.
- These findings highlight the potential role of early lung development in asthma trajectories.
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