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Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white

Yu-Ling Yu1,2, De-Wei An2,3,4, Babangida S Chori2,4,5

  • 1Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven.

Journal of Hypertension
|December 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Sub-Saharan Black individuals exhibit higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors than European Whites. Findings highlight the need for targeted health policies in sub-Saharan Africa.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affect Black populations in the US.
  • Limited research exists on CVD and CKD vulnerability in sub-Saharan Black populations compared to European Whites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CVD and CKD risk profiles between sub-Saharan Black and European White individuals.
  • To investigate differences in clinical, biochemical, and proteomic markers associated with CVD and CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Collected baseline data from 168 sub-Saharan Blacks and 93 European Whites in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04299529).
  • Assessed clinical risk factors, biochemical markers, ECG, echocardiography, Framingham CVD risk, CKD grades (KDIGO 2024), and urinary proteomic profiles (HF1, CKD273).
  • Performed unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted racial comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Despite being younger, sub-Saharan Blacks had a worse risk profile: higher diabetes prevalence, BMI, heart rate, unfavorable cholesterol, lower eGFR, microalbuminuria, and sedentary lifestyle.
  • Sub-Saharan Blacks showed higher 10-year CVD risk and heart age, and worse CKD grades.
  • CKD273 correlated with CKD grade in both groups; HF1 and CKD273 levels did not differ by race.

Conclusions:

  • Findings indicate a higher CVD and CKD risk profile in sub-Saharan Black individuals compared to European Whites.
  • The study did not distinguish between genetic and environmental disease drivers.
  • Urgent implementation of innovative health policies, research, and international collaboration is recommended for sub-Saharan countries.
Abstract

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