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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Superfluid helium droplets are studied for their unique properties when multiply charged.
  • Existing models often simplify charge distribution or neglect the ion solvation shell.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimum radius of superfluid helium droplets capable of hosting multiply charged ions.
  • To develop a model that accurately describes ion behavior and stability within these droplets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized density functional theory to calculate cation solvation energy in helium.
  • Incorporated Coulomb repulsion energy between ions.
  • Developed a model that accounts for the solid-like helium shell around ions, moving beyond the liquid drop model.

Main Results:

  • Identified a threshold droplet radius (R0) below which droplet energy exceeds that of separated components.
  • Found that energy barriers prevent immediate Coulomb explosion, but decrease with smaller radii.
  • Determined a critical radius (Rexpl) for Coulomb explosion, showing insensitivity to ion species.
  • Calculated Rexpl values exhibit correct scaling with ion number compared to experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a more realistic description of charged superfluid helium droplets.
  • The findings are applicable to both cation-doped and intrinsically multicharged helium droplets (e.g., with He3+ ions).
  • The model's predictions for critical radii align well with experimental observations.