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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Thyroid function test interpretation for general paediatricians.

Amelia Isadora Alice Hardy1, Lesley Tetlow2, Leena Patel3

  • 1Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK a.hardy1@lancaster.ac.uk.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition
|December 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid function tests (TFTs) measure thyroid hormones to diagnose and manage thyroid disorders. Accurate interpretation requires considering factors like illness, diet, and adherence to treatment for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
EndocrinologyNeonatologyPaediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are essential for diagnosing and managing thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
  • Thyroid hormones are critical for neurodevelopment in early life, necessitating precise management.
  • Common medications include levothyroxine (LT4) and carbimazole.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of accurate thyroid function test interpretation.
  • To highlight factors that can influence test results and patient management.
  • To guide general pediatricians and practitioners in optimizing thyroid disorder treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • Clinical contextualization of TFT results.
  • Consideration of influencing factors in diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

  • TFTs guide the diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
  • Thyroid hormone levels are crucial for early neurodevelopment.
  • Accurate interpretation must account for intercurrent illness, diet, obesity, assay interference, and treatment adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Correct interpretation of TFTs is vital for optimizing treatment outcomes in pediatric patients.
  • A comprehensive approach, considering various influencing factors, is necessary for effective thyroid disorder management.
  • General practitioners and pediatricians require a thorough understanding of TFTs for patient care.