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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
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Parking and Public Health.

Michael D Garber1, Tarik Benmarhnia2,3, Jacob Mason4

  • 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. mdgarber@ucsd.edu.

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Parking significantly impacts public health through various pathways, including promoting driving, creating impervious surfaces, affecting housing affordability, and influencing safety and air quality. Further research is needed to fully understand these connections.

Keywords:
Environmental epidemiologyEquityHousingPublic HealthTransportationUrban Planning

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Area of Science:

  • Urban planning and public health
  • Environmental health
  • Built environment studies

Background:

  • Parking is a pervasive element of the built environment with under-explored public health implications.
  • Vast land resources are dedicated to parking, influenced by historical urban development patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing literature on the pathways linking parking to population health.
  • To highlight the multifaceted health impacts associated with parking infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of scientific literature.
  • Identification and analysis of four key pathways connecting parking and public health.

Main Results:

  • Parking promotes driving, increasing air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, traffic injuries, and reducing physical activity.
  • Impervious parking surfaces contribute to urban heat, flooding, water pollution, and loss of green space.
  • Parking influences housing affordability, a social determinant of health, and impacts safety and air quality through its design, construction, and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests multiple pathways through which parking affects public health.
  • Additional empirical research is necessary to quantify the precise impacts of parking on health outcomes.
  • Parking's significant role in the built environment necessitates greater attention from public health research and practice.