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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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How Do Scientists Think? Contributions Toward a Cognitive Science of Science.

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  • 1College of Computing and School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Summary

This research explores the cognitive science of science, revealing how scientists use analogy, models, and conceptual change to enhance thinking. Studying historical and contemporary scientists offers insights into scientific cognition.

Keywords:
AnalogyConceptual changeDistributed cognitionEthnographyMental simulationModel‐based reasoningQualitative methodsScientific cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Science
  • History of Science

Background:

  • Scientific thinking is a key aspect of human cognition.
  • Understanding the cognitive processes of scientists is crucial for advancing scientific understanding.
  • Previous research has explored various facets of scientific cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present research contributions to the cognitive science of science.
  • To explore how cognitive practices of scientists provide insight into scientific cognition.
  • To examine the relationship between scientific cognition and ordinary cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of archival records from historical science.
  • Ethnographic studies of contemporary scientific practices.
  • Examination of research on analogy, model-based reasoning, and conceptual change.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive practices of scientists offer valuable insights into scientific cognition.
  • Scientists enhance natural cognitive capacities through integrated modeling environments.
  • Archival and ethnographic data are crucial for understanding scientific cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Scientific thinking is a creative cognitive process.
  • Studying scientists' cognitive practices illuminates the nature of scientific thought.
  • Integrating cognitive, social, material, and cultural resources enhances scientific capacity.