Ultrasensitive detection of antimicrobial resistance genes using hybridization chain reaction employing carbon dots

One of the top 10 global concerns include AntiMicrobial Resistance (AMR), which warrants the need to develop materials and methods for detection of AMR genes. Here, we propose a proof-of-concept approach for selective and ultrasensitive detection of AMR gene employing fluorescent carbon dots. Waste pistachio shell derived green emissive carbon dots (PCDs) with a high quantum yield of 24 were prepared via hydrothermal carbonization process and characterised using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The fluorescence-based Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) mediated sensing studies demonstrated the ability of the PCD sensor to detect AMR gene, compared to random and single mismatch DNA with a limit of detection of 16.17 pM. This strategy of waste valorization to design fluorescent probe offer excellent cost-effective and sustainable alternative for ultra-trace level detection of DNA.