Diagnosis progress of carcinoma of unknown primary

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a common and complex type of tumor in clinical practice, where the primary site cannot be determined through conventional diagnostic methods, posing significant challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, advancements in gene expression profiling and genetic testing technologies have provided new perspectives for CUP research, driving progress in this field. By analyzing gene expression profiles, researchers can more effectively identify the tissue origin of tumors, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy. At the same time, the potential application of genetic testing is continuously being explored, offering new possibilities for personalized treatment. This article aims to discuss the latest advancements in the diagnosis of CUP, analyze the importance of gene expression profiling and genetic testing in tumor origin identification and their clinical applications, and summarize current research progress and future research directions, with the goal of providing a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of CUP.